How much is German VAT at 19% or 7%?

The standard rate is 19%, the reduced rate is 7% (e.g. food, books, newspapers, local transport). Basis: § 12 UStG.

How do I convert gross to net?

Net = gross ÷ 1.19 (or ÷ 1.07 at the reduced rate). VAT is the difference between gross and net.

When does the reduced 7% rate apply?

The reduced rate applies to the goods and services exhaustively listed in Anlage 2 of the UStG, such as food, books, newspapers and local public transport.

What applies to small businesses under § 19 UStG?

Small businesses (Kleinunternehmer) do not charge VAT on their invoices and, in return, cannot reclaim input tax. Turnover thresholds apply. This calculator does not replace professional tax advice.

German VAT Calculator 2026: net, gross & tax

Convert prices between net and gross and instantly see how much VAT (19% or 7%) is included, for invoices, quotes or purchases.

Amount

Tax rate

Net

€100.00

VAT

€19.00

Gross

€119.00

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How the German VAT calculation works

Germany applies a standard VAT rate of 19% and a reduced rate of 7% for certain goods and services (e.g. food, books, newspapers, local public transport) under § 12 UStG and Anlage 2 UStG.

From net to gross: gross = net × 1.19 (or × 1.07 at the reduced rate). VAT itself is the difference between gross and net.

From gross to net: net = gross ÷ 1.19 (or ÷ 1.07). You need this, for example, when a price already includes VAT and you want the pure goods value.

Small businesses under the Kleinunternehmerregelung (§ 19 UStG) do not charge VAT on invoices and, in return, cannot reclaim input tax: for them this calculator is mainly useful for checking incoming invoices.

This calculator provides non-binding guidance and does not replace professional tax advice.

Frequently asked questions

How much is German VAT at 19% or 7%?: The standard rate is 19%, the reduced rate is 7% (e.g. food, books, newspapers, local transport). Basis: § 12 UStG.
How do I convert gross to net?: Net = gross ÷ 1.19 (or ÷ 1.07 at the reduced rate). VAT is the difference between gross and net.
How do I convert net to gross?: Gross = net × 1.19 (or × 1.07 at the reduced rate).
When does the reduced 7% rate apply?: The reduced rate applies to the goods and services exhaustively listed in Anlage 2 of the UStG, such as food, books, newspapers and local public transport.
What applies to small businesses under § 19 UStG?: Small businesses (Kleinunternehmer) do not charge VAT on their invoices and, in return, cannot reclaim input tax. Turnover thresholds apply. This calculator does not replace professional tax advice.

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As of (tax year 2026) · last verified: 2026-07

Sources: § 12 UStG (Steuersätze), Anlage 2 UStG (ermäßigter Steuersatz), § 19 UStG (Kleinunternehmerregelung)

Calculation logic editorially reviewed by the Nomado24 team. Not tax advice.